Keyword `space`

space is documented here as a full reference entry: grammatical role, semantics, canonical form, valid example, counter-example, diagnostics, interactions, and design notes.

Visual anchor: each page now has its own wiki-style profile image. It shows a small code excerpt where space appears in its most recognizable form.

Quick navigation: use the previous, summary, and next links to move through the full keyword series without manually returning to the index.

Summary

Overview
Definition
Grammatical role
Canonical syntax
Detailed semantics
Effect on execution
Valid variants
Vitte example
Guided reading of the example
Comparison with C
Recommended uses
Invalid example and diagnostic
Common errors
Neighbor keywords
Common misreadings
Implementation notes
Presence in the book

Overview

Field	Value
Keyword	`space`
Family	Declaration
Suggested level	Intermediate
Main neighbor	`pull`
Short role	`space` is a declaration keyword that changes the shape of a module, type, or executable contract.
Main effect	`space` acts first on the shape of the program. Its main effect appears in the entities it makes callable, instantiable, or visible during execution.

The keyword space defines a program shape: procedure, type, variant, entry point, namespace, or another structural boundary. It should therefore be read architecturally before it is read locally.

A useful encyclopedic reading should answer three questions: where can space appear, what does it change in the block contract, and how does the compiler signal misuse?

Definition

space is a declaration keyword that changes the shape of a module, type, or executable contract.

The keyword space defines a program shape: procedure, type, variant, entry point, namespace, or another structural boundary. It should therefore be read architecturally before it is read locally.

Grammatical role

Introduces the namespace or logical path of the current module.

This grammatical role is essential: if a reader understands the structural place of space, they already understand much of the diagnostics that will appear when it is moved or truncated.

Canonical syntax

Canonical form: `space module/path`.

The canonical form matters because it gives the compiler and the reader the same reference structure. A large share of diagnostics related to space come from an abbreviated, displaced, or incomplete form.

Detailed semantics

Semantically, space changes the shape of the program before execution even begins. It introduces an entity that other blocks will name, call, instantiate, or reference.

In an encyclopedic reading, space should not be reduced to a dictionary definition. Its effect on scope, block shape, value visibility, control progression, and the diagnostic family it activates when misused must also be considered.

Effect on execution

space acts first on the shape of the program. Its main effect appears in the entities it makes callable, instantiable, or visible during execution.

In other words, the presence of space is not merely syntactic: it helps the reader predict what will be executed, produced, exposed, or forbidden from this point in the program.

Valid variants

`space module/path`.

These variants are not free synonyms. They indicate the legitimate forms from which one can reason about diagnostics, scope differences, or contract readability.

Vitte example

space demo/app

proc run() -> int {
  give 0
}

This example shows space in a nominal context. It should be read globally: where the contract begins, which values are constrained, which output becomes observable, and why the presence of the keyword is justified.

Guided reading of the example

First locate the full construction that contains space, not the isolated word.
Then identify which contract becomes visible because of space: type, branch, binding, module, exit, or advanced boundary.
Finish by checking the observable effect produced by the construction that contains space.
For a declaration keyword, verify which stable entity is created and how it will be referenced later.

This guided reading is intentionally closer to a reference page than to a tutorial: it helps reconstruct the exact role of space in a complete block.

Comparison with C

/* C comparison: namespaces are usually simulated with prefixes or files. */

For this keyword, the parallel with C remains approximate. The comparison mainly indicates that in C the same idea is often spread across file conventions, operators, or less explicit control structures.

The source of truth remains Vitte grammar and semantics. The comparison with C should be read as a cultural marker, not as a parallel specification.

Recommended uses

space deserves to appear when it simplifies the reading of the block's global contract, not when it merely adds one more surface form.

When to use it

When space makes the block contract more explicit at first reading.
When it reduces the number of implicit assumptions the reader must reconstruct mentally.
When the program must introduce a stable entity that will be reused elsewhere.

When to avoid it

Avoid space when another, more precise keyword already carries the block's intent.
Avoid space when it adds only surface noise without clarifying the contract.
Avoid reading or teaching it as an isolated token with no relation to the full structure.

Common pitfalls

Using space in a grammatical layer where it does not belong.
Confusing the role of the keyword with the role of the full surrounding block.
Showing only the nominal form and never how the contract fails.

Invalid example and diagnostic

proc run() -> int {
  space demo/app
  give 0
}

The namespace declaration is top-level and cannot be moved into a block.

The counter-example is not merely wrong: it is wrong in an instructive way. It shows which grammar or execution-contract assumption is no longer accepted when space is moved, truncated, or combined with the wrong context. Concretely, the namespace declaration appears at the wrong level or in an incomplete form.

A good encyclopedic counter-example does not show arbitrarily broken code: it isolates the precise reason why space can no longer support the expected contract. Its teaching value is diagnostic before it is syntactic.

Common compilation errors

Typical message	Usual cause	Fix
`unexpected token near space`	The keyword appears in an invalid form or grammatical layer.	Return to the canonical form and verify placement and delimiters.
`type mismatch`	The keyword participates in a block whose value contract is incoherent.	Realign the surrounding types, branches, or produced values.
`invalid construct`	The keyword is present but the surrounding construction is incomplete.	Restore the missing branch, declarative part, or operands.

This table does not replace the compiler's exact diagnostics. It serves as a mental map: when space fails, the problem usually comes from an invalid grammatical form, an incoherent type contract, or an incomplete construction.

Neighbor keywords

Keyword	Operational difference
`pull`	Direct neighboring keyword: it helps explain what `space` does, either by contrast or by complement.

Comparison with neighboring keywords is essential on a wiki-style page: space is better understood when one knows precisely what it does not do.

Common misreadings

Reducing space to a local token instead of reading it as part of a full construction.
Explaining only the syntax and forgetting the reading or diagnostic contract it imposes.

Implementation and diagnostic notes

Useful diagnostics for this family often concern incomplete signatures, constituent ordering, or declarative scope.
In a compiler, these keywords primarily feed symbol tables and the structural representation of the program.

Keyword space